President Lincoln

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Product Name: President Lincoln
Item No.: 3D laser 0013

Abraham Lincoln/ (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in 1865. He led the country through a great constitutional, military and moral crisis – the LincolnPresident Lincoln, crystal head, the Lincoln statue, Lincoln Memorial sculpture, three-dimensional model of the LincolnPresident Lincoln, crystal head, the Lincoln statue, Lincoln Memorial sculpture, three-dimensional model of the LincolnAmerican Civil War – preserving the Union, while ending slavery, and promoting economic and financial modernization. Reared in a poor family on the western frontier, Lincoln was mostly self-educated. He became a country lawyer, an Illinois state legislator, and a one-term member of the United States House of Representatives, but failed in two attempts at a seat in the United States Senate.

After deftly opposing the expansion of slavery in the United States in his campaign debates and speeches,^[1] Lincoln secured the Republican nomination and was elected president in 1860. Following declarations of secession by southern slave states, war began in April 1861, and he concentrated on both the military and political dimensions of the LincolnPresident Lincoln, crystal head, the Lincoln statue, Lincoln Memorial sculpture, three-dimensional model of the LincolnPresident Lincoln, crystal head, the Lincoln statue, Lincoln Memorial sculpture, three-dimensional model of the Lincolnwar effort, seeking to reunify the nation. He vigorously exercised unprecedented war powers, including the arrest and detention without trial of thousands of suspected secessionists. He prevented British recognition of the Confederacy by skillfully handling the Trent affair late in 1861. He issued his Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and promoted the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, abolishing slavery.

Lincoln closely supervised the war effort, especially the selection of top generals, including commanding general Ulysses S. Grant. He brought leaders of various factions of his party into his cabinet and pressured them to cooperate. Under his leadership, the Union set up a naval blockade that shut down the South's normal trade, took control of the border slave states at the start of the war, gained control communications with gunboats on the southern river systems, and tried repeatedly to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond. Each time a general failed, Lincoln substituted another until finally Grant succeeded in 1865. An exceptionally astute politician deeply involved with power issues in each state, he reached out to War Democrats and managed his own re-election in the 1864 presidential election.

His Gettysburg Address of 1863 became the most quoted speech in American history.^[4] It was an iconic statement of America's dedication to the principles of nationalism, equal rights, liberty, and democracy. At the close of the war, Lincoln held a moderate view of Reconstruction, seeking to speedily reunite the nation through a policy of generous reconciliation in the face of lingering and bitter divisiveness. However, just six days after the surrender of Confederate commanding general Robert E. Lee, Lincoln was shot and killed by Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. His death marked the first assassination of a U.S. president. Lincoln has been consistently ranked by scholars as one of the greatest U.S. presidents.As the leader of the moderate faction of the Republican party, Lincoln came under attack from all sides. Radical Republicans wanted harsher treatment of the South, War Democrats desired more compromise, and Copperheads despised him—not to mention irreconcilable secessionists in reunited areas.^[2] Politically, Lincoln fought back with patronage, by pitting his opponents against each other, and by appealing to the American people with his powers of oratory.^[3]

Abraham Lincoln was born February 12, 1809, the second child of Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Lincoln (née Hanks), in a one-room log cabin on the Sinking Spring Farm in Hardin County, Kentucky,^[5] (now LaRue County). Lincoln's paternal grandfather and namesake, Abraham, had moved his family from Virginia to Jefferson County, Kentucky,^[6]^[7] where he was ambushed and killed in an Indian raid in 1786, with his children, including Lincoln's father Thomas, looking on.^[7] Thomas was left to make his own way on the frontier.^[8] Lincoln's mother, Nancy, was the daughter of Lucy Hanks, and was born in what is now Mineral County, West Virginia, then part of Virginia. Lucy moved with Nancy to LincolnPresident Lincoln, crystal head, the Lincoln statue, Lincoln Memorial sculpture, three-dimensional model of the LincolnPresident Lincoln, crystal head, the Lincoln statue, Lincoln Memorial sculpture, three-dimensional model of the LincolnKentucky. Nancy Hanks married Thomas, who became a respected citizen. He bought and sold several farms, including the Sinking Spring Farm. The family attended a Separate Baptists church, which had high moral standards and opposed alcohol, dancing, and slavery.^[9] Thomas enjoyed considerable status in Kentucky—where he sat on juries, appraised estates, served on country slave patrols, and guarded prisoners. By the time his son Abraham was born, Thomas owned two 600-acre (240 ha) farms, several town lots, livestock, and horses. He was among the richest men in the county.^[10]^[11] However, in 1816, Thomas lost all of his land in court cases because of faulty property titles.^[12]

The family moved north across the Ohio River to free (i.e., non-slave) territory and made a new start in Perry County, Indiana. Lincoln later noted that this move was "partly on account of slavery" but mainly due to land title difficulties.^[12] In Indiana, when Lincoln was nine, his mother Nancy died of milk sickness in 1818.^[13] After the death of Lincoln's mother, his older sister, Sarah, took charge of caring for him until their father remarried in 1819; Sarah later died in her 20s while giving birth to a stillborn son.^[14]

Thomas Lincoln's new wife was the widow Sarah Bush Johnston, the mother of three of her own children. Lincoln became very close to his stepmother, and referred to her as "Mother".^[15] As a pre-teen, he did not like the hard labor associated with frontier life. Some in his family, and in the neighborhood, for a time considered him to be lazy.^[^] As he gLincolnPresident Lincoln, crystal head, the Lincoln statue, Lincoln Memorial sculpture, three-dimensional model of the LincolnPresident Lincoln, crystal head, the Lincoln statue, Lincoln Memorial sculpture, three-dimensional model of the Lincolnrew into his teens, he willingly took responsibility for all chores expected of him as one of the boys in the household and became an adept axeman in his work building rail fences. He attained a reputation for brawn and audacity after a very competitive wrestling match to which he was challenged by the renowned leader of a group of ruffians, "the Clary's Grove boys".^[18] Lincoln also agreed with the customary obligation of a son to give his father all earnings from work done outside the home until age 21 In later years, Lincoln occasionally loaned his father money.^[20] Lincoln became increasingly distant from his father, in part because of his father's lack of education. While young Lincoln's formal elementary education consisted approximately of a years worth of classes from several itinerant teachers, he was mostly self-educated and was an avid reader

In 1830, fearing a milk sickness outbreak along the Ohio River, the Lincoln family moved west, where they settled on public land in Macon County, Illinois, another free, non-slave state In 1831, Thomas relocated the family to a new homestead in Coles County, Illinois. It was then that as an ambitious 22-year-old, Lincoln decided to seek a better life and struck out on his own. Canoeing down the Sangamon River, Lincoln ended up in the village of New Salem in Sangamon County.^[23] In the spring of 1831, hired by New Salem businessman Denton Offutt and accompanied by friends, he took goods by flatboat from New Salem to New Orleans via the Sangamon, Illinois, and Mississippi rivers. After arriving in New Orleans—and witnessing slavery firsthand—he walked back home

President Lincoln, crystal head, the Lincoln statue, Lincoln Memorial sculpture, three-dimensional model of the LincolnPresident Lincoln, crystal head, the Lincoln statue, Lincoln Memorial sculpture, three-dimensional model of the

Lincoln has been memorialized in many town, city, and county names,^[280] including the capital of Nebraska. The first public monument to Abraham Lincoln was a statue erected in front of the District of Columbia City Hall in 1868, three years after his assassination.^[281] Lincoln's name and image appear in numerous other places, such as the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. and Lincoln's sculpture on Mount Rushmore.^[282] Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park in Hodgenville, Kentucky,^[283] Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial in Lincoln City, Indiana,^[284] Lincoln's New Salem, Illinois,^[285] and Lincoln Home National Historic Site in Springfield, Illinois^{LincolnPresident Lincoln, crystal head, the Lincoln statue, Lincoln Memorial sculpture, three-dimensional model of the LincolnPresident Lincoln, crystal head, the Lincoln statue, Lincoln Memorial sculpture, three-dimensional model of the Lincoln[286]} commemorate the president.^[287] Ford's Theatre and Petersen House (where he died) are maintained as museums, as is the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, located in Springfield.^[288]^[289] The Lincoln Tomb in Oak Ridge Cemetery in Springfield, Illinois, contains his remains and those of his wife Mary and three of his four sons, Edward, William, and Thomas

Within a year of this death, his image began to be disseminated throughout the world on stamps,^[291] and he is the only U.S. President to appear on a U.S. airmail stamp.^[292] Currency honoring the president includes the United States five-dollar bill and the Lincoln cent, which represents the first regularly circulating U.S. coin to feature an actual person.^[293]

LincolnPresident Lincoln, crystal head, the Lincoln statue, Lincoln Memorial sculpture, three-dimensional model of the Abraham Lincoln's birthday, February 12, was never a national holiday, but it was at one time observed by as many as 30 states.^[280] In 1971, Presidents Day became a national holiday, combining Lincoln's and Washington's birthdays and replacing most states' celebration of his birthday.^[294] The Abraham Lincoln Association was formed in 1908 to commemorate the centennial of Lincoln's birth.^[295] In 2000, Congress established the Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission to commemorate his 200th birthday in February 2009.^[296]

LincolnPresident Lincoln, crystal head, the Lincoln statue, Lincoln Memorial sculpture, three-dimensional model of the Lincoln sites remain popular tourist attractions, but crowds have thinned. In the late 1960s, 650,000 people a year visited the home in Springfield, slipping to 393,000 in 2000–2003. Likewise visits to New Salem fell by half, probably because of the enormous draw of the new museum in Springfield. Visits to the Lincoln Memorial in Washington peaked at 4.3 million in 1987 and have since declined. However crowds at Ford's Theatre in Washington have grown sharply.^[297]

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